Artificial Intelligence Overview

What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robots to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.

Goals of AI

Creating systems that understand, think, learn and behave like humans.
The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn demonstrate, explain and advice its users.

Applications of AI

Speech Recognition: Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings while a human talks to it.
Gaming: In video games artificial intelligence is largely used to determine the behavior of non-player characters in games.
Expert Systems: An expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Handwriting Recognition: Is the ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten input from sources such as paper documents.
Intelligent Robots: They have sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as light, heat, movements, sound, temperature.
Vision System: These systems understand, interpret and comprehend visual input on the computer.
Natural Language Processing: This is the ability in which computer understand the language spoken by humans.
Healthcare: Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses than humans.
Self-driving Cars: These use a combination of computer vision, image recognition and deep learning to build automated skill at piloting a vehicle while staying in a given lane and avoiding unexpected obstructions, such as pedestrians.

Types of artificial intelligence - based on functionalities:

Reactive Machines: This is one of the basic forms of AI. It doesn't have past memory and cannot use past information to information for the future actions.
Limited Memory: These AI systems can use past experience to inform future decision. self-driving cars have been designed this way.
Theory of Mind: This type of machines are able to understand people's emotions, belief, thoughts, expectations. This type of AI is not yet completed.
Self-awareness: An AI that has it's own conscious, self-awareness and sentiments. Machines with self-awareness understand their current state and can use the information to infer what others are feeling.